Lebanon’s fragile ceasefire remains under strain as renewed violence, repeated displacement, and worsening humanitarian needs continue to impact civilians.

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As the escalation entered its seventh week, hostilities across Lebanon continued with no sustained reduction despite ongoing diplomatic engagement. On 16 April, a 10-day ceasefire was finally announced; however, its implementation and impact remain uncertain on the ground.

Lebanon enters its sixth week of escalation as intensified airstrikes, mass casualties, and damaged infrastructure severely restrict humanitarian access, disrupt healthcare, and deepen the crisis for civilians across the country.

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On 23 April, the initial 10-day ceasefire was extended by three additional weeks. However, implementation remains fragile – particularly in the south of Lebanon – and its impact on the ground uncertain. Violations are occurring on a daily basis, with ongoing strikes, demolitions, drone attacks, and artillery shelling. On 28 April, UNIFIL peacekeepers recorded 299 firing incidents in one day.

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Lebanon has now entered its fifth week of escalation since 2 March 2026, marking one month of sustained hostilities, continued regional spillover, and no clear trajectory towards de-escalation. Strikes are increasingly affecting areas previously considered relatively safe, signalling an expanding conflict footprint and heightened risks for civilians. Incidents affecting media personnel, including the killing of three journalists, further underscore growing protection concerns. In the south, damage to critical transport routes has effectively isolated an estimated 150,000 people, with reports indicating worsening shortages of essential goods, including medication. In areas such as Rmeish, where residents have largely remained, the withdrawal of the Lebanese Armed Forces has further diminished the security presence, increasing protection risks for civilians. The operating environment for humanitarian actors continues to deteriorate. Access remains constrained due to insecurity, infrastructure damage, and movement restrictions, particularly in South Lebanon, Baalbek–Hermel, and Beirut’s southern suburbs. Attacks affecting healthcare are raising serious protection concerns, with at least 64 reported incidents impacting health facilities, personnel, and emergency services, resulting in at least 51 deaths and forcing the closure or reduced functionality of key facilities. These dynamics are significantly limiting access to life-saving care and undermining the reach, predictability, and effectiveness of the humanitarian response. During his visit to Lebanon this week, Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, called for expanded humanitarian access and reiterated the need to protect civilians and civilian infrastructure in line with International Humanitarian Law. Discussions with national authorities and partners highlighted severe access constraints, mounting pressure on responders, and the need for sustained international engagement.

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Since the escalation of hostilities on 2 March, the situation in Lebanon has entered its fourth week, with no indication of de-escalation and continued spillover from the broader regional conflict. While diplomatic efforts by the Government of Lebanon are ongoing, reports suggest that even in the event of a broader regional agreement, hostilities in Lebanon are likely to persist. In recent days, hostilities have further expanded in scope and impact. Inaugurally, a missile was intercepted over the Keserwan area, with debris reported across parts of Mount Lebanon, underscoring the spread of the conflict into previously unaffected areas. At the same time, targeted strikes on non-state actors within civilian residential buildings continue, causing civilian casualties and damage to surrounding infrastructure. Attacks on critical infrastructure have intensified, with at least seven bridges and multiple crossings destroyed across the Litani River, effectively isolating parts of southern Lebanon and cutting off over 150,000 people, severely constraining civilian movement and humanitarian access. Meanwhile, the humanitarian and economic situation continues to deteriorate. Displacement remains high and shelter capacity overstretched, with many families unable to access formal shelters and resorting to informal or unsafe living arrangements. Rising fuel and commodity prices, driven by disruptions in regional supply routes, are further increasing the cost of living and compounding vulnerabilities among affected populations. The prolonged escalation is also contributing to growing social tensions and localised instability, as pressure on resources intensifies and political polarisation deepens, raising concerns over potential civil unrest and localised sectarian tensions.